Oct 28, 2009

NAC and CB2 agonists could be used to treat swine flu

SARS and ARDS are caused by viruses which trigger a strong immune response, which could kill the infected person. Swine flu (H1N1) could kill by causing ARDS, which is a respiratory syndrome like SARS but not so acute. Both kill through the same mechanism: strong inflammation leading to positive feedback between inflammatory mediators AKA  cytokine strom, which causes lungs to fill up with fluids, which leads to death by suffocation (or others relating to this).  Vaccinations could be helpful in prevention of getting sick, but are not always available, could be giving immunity to irrelevant strains of viruses and contain a miniscule danger of getting the Guillain–BarrĂ© syndrome. Luckily there are natural substances, which are readily available and don't suffer from these problems.
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a natural chemical which is the precursor of the most prevalent endogenous antioxidant in humans, glutathione. It has some extremely remarkable effects to various illnesses, check the previous link. In one study, 25% people using NAC got sick from swine flu, whereas in the control group the percent was 75%. The effect could be related to NAC's mucolytic effects and to the fact that it leads to histamine secretion. NAC can be bought from the local pharmacy etc. I guess that 2 grams per day divided to 2 doses would decrease the probability of getting sick and the time to recover from one. It would not prevent the cytokine storm, but would keep the immune system at a level that could prevent the infection to reach the agnitude that it could trigger it. I wouldn't use NAC if I would already be infected and with >38C fever, then it would have to rely on CB2 agonist alone.
Cytokine storm would be have to be dampened away. Doctors would use steroids and perhaps NSAIDS for this, but one other way would be to use type 2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2) agonists, which are found at lymphocytes which mediate the inflammatory response. Activating CB2 agonists would make the lymphocytes chill down and the cytokine strom would be impossible. CB2 agonists are found in cannabis which could be smoked so that the medicine would go directly to the site of preferred site action, but since it contains also CB2 antagonists, one could prefer some other natural substances. Extract of plants belonging to the genus Echinacea contain (among other active things) alkylamides which are CB2 agonists and thus prevent the rise of cytokines to dangerous levels. These extracts can be bought from every health food store.
Both of these substances are cheap, without severe side effects and readily available.  They are also effective to various other illnesses associated with inflammation ranging from psychosis to rheumatism .

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